Sabat sebagai Resistensi: Keluaran 20:8–11 dan Teologi Perlawanan atas Logika Produktivitas tanpa Batas

Karel Martinus Siahaya (1)
(1) Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Teruna Bhakti, Yogyakarta, ID

Abstract

The fourth commandment is often reduced to a rule about worship and advice on life balance, blunting its critical force against contemporary systems of labor. This article reads Exodus 20:8–11 as a text of resistance to the logic of limitless productivity that governs the digital achievement society. Using grammatical-historical exegesis of the final form of the text, critically correlated with social analysis and organized through Osmer’s four tasks of practical theology, it reads Indonesian data; some 37.3 million workers exceed forty-nine hours per week and the vulnerability of online motorcycle-taxi drivers under algorithmic control, alongside WHO/ILO estimates of the disease burden of long working hours. The study finds that zakhor as infinitive absolute, melakhah as subsistence labor, the disjunctive waw extending the subjects of rest, and nuakh as settled security together position Sabbath as a counter-memory of creation that delegitimizes the total claim of work systems upon the human body. The article proposes a sabbatical praxis for Indonesian churches, correlated with the wisdom of sak madyo and with advocacy for platform-worker justice.


 


Abstrak


Perintah keempat Dekalog kerap direduksi menjadi aturan ibadah dan nasihat tentang keseimbangan hidup, sehingga daya kritisnya terhadap sistem kerja kontemporer menjadi tumpul. Artikel ini membaca Keluaran 20:8–11 sebagai teks yang menolak logika produktivitas tanpa batas yang menguasai masyarakat prestasi digital. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan eksegesis gramatikal-historis atas bentuk final teks, yang dikorelasikan secara kritis dengan analisis sosial, serta diorganisasi melalui empat tugas teologi praktis Osmer. Data Indonesia menunjukkan sekitar 37,3 juta pekerja dengan jam kerja di atas 49 jam per minggu serta kerentanan pengemudi ojek daring di bawah kendali algoritmik, yang dibaca bersama estimasi WHO/ILO mengenai beban penyakit akibat jam kerja yang panjang. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa struktur teks, yakni zakhor sebagai infinitif absolut, melakhah sebagai kerja nafkah, waw disjungtif yang memperluas subjek perhentian, serta nuakh sebagai keteduhan yang stabil, menempatkan Sabat sebagai kontramemori penciptaan yang mendelimitasi klaim total sistem kerja atas tubuh manusia. Artikel ini menawarkan praksis sabatikal gereja Indonesia yang berkorelasi kritis dengan kearifan sak madyo serta advokasi keadilan bagi pekerja platform.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Agatta, Shilvi Khusna Dilla, and Atik Triratnawati. “Sak Madyo: Javanese Philosophy as a Preventive Medicine to Overcome Burnout of Young Remote Workers in Malang City.” Indonesian Journal of Medical Anthropology 6, no. 1 (2025): 12–21.

Brueggemann, Walter. Sabbath as Resistance: Saying No to the Culture of Now. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2014.

———. The Prophetic Imagination. 2nd ed. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001.

Childs, Brevard S. Exodus: A Commentary. London: SCM Press, 1974.

Crary, Jonathan. 24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep. London: Verso, 2013.

Durham, John I. Exodus. Word Biblical Commentary 2. Waco, TX: Word Books, 1987.

Eder, Asher. “The Sabbath Commandment: Its Two Versions.” Jewish Bible Quarterly 25, no. 3 (1997): 188–191.

Enns, Peter. Exodus. NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.

Han, Byung-Chul. The Burnout Society. Translated by Erik Butler. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.

Haynes, Matthew, and P. Paul Krüger. “Creation Rest: Exodus 20:8–11 and the First Creation Account.” Old Testament Essays 31, no. 1 (2018): 90–113. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2018/v31n1a6.

———. “Creation Rest: Genesis 2:1–3 and the First Creation Account.” Old Testament Essays 30, no. 3 (2017): 663–683.

Heschel, Abraham Joshua. The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man. New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1951.

Joüon, Paul, and Takamitsu Muraoka. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. 2nd ed. Rome: Gregorian & Biblical Press, 2011.

Miller, Patrick D. The Ten Commandments. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009.

———. “The Place of the Decalogue in the Old Testament and Its Law.” Interpretation 43, no. 3 (1989): 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/002096438904300302.

Moltmann, Jürgen. God in Creation: An Ecological Doctrine of Creation. Translated by Margaret Kohl. London: SCM Press, 1985.

Myers, Ched. The Biblical Vision of Sabbath Economics. Washington, DC: Tell the Word, 2001.

Osmer, Richard R. Practical Theology: An Introduction. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008.

Pega, Frank, et al. “Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke Attributable to Exposure to Long Working Hours for 194 Countries, 2000–2016: A Systematic Analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-Related Burden of Disease and Injury.” Environment International 154 (2021): 106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595.

Pieper, Josef. Leisure, the Basis of Culture. Translated by Alexander Dru. Introduction by T. S. Eliot. New York: Pantheon Books, 1952.

Posadas, Jeremy. “The Refusal of Work in Christian Ethics and Theology: Interpreting Work from an Anti-Work Perspective.” Journal of Religious Ethics 45, no. 2 (2017): 330–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/jore.12180.

Robinson, Gnana. “The Idea of Rest in the Old Testament and the Search for the Basic Character of the Sabbath.” Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 92, no. 1 (1980): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1515/zatw.1980.92.1.32.

Samosir, Gabrillia Sopala V., Putri Nuraini, and Supriyono. “Ambisi Tanpa Batas, Hustle Culture Justru Mengabaikan Hak Mahasiswa atas Kehidupan yang Seimbang.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai 9, no. 2 (2025): 14884–14890.

Saputra, Jefri Andri. “Teologi Istirahat dan Hustle Culture: Teologi Istirahat dalam Keluaran 23:12 dan Implikasinya terhadap Fenomena Hustle Culture.” TRACK: Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen, Teologi, dan Entrepreneurship 3, no. 2 (2024): 50–72. https://doi.org/10.61660/track.v3i2.186.

Turner, Max. Linguistics and Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1989.

Westermann, Claus. Genesis 1–11: A Commentary. Translated by John J. Scullion. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1984.

Williams, Ronald J. Williams' Hebrew Syntax. 3rd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.

Wirzba, Norman. Living the Sabbath: Discovering the Rhythms of Rest and Delight. Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2006.

“CfDS UGM Menyoroti Dampak Algoritma terhadap Mitra Pengemudi Ojol.” ANTARA News, September 26, 2025. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5135221/cfds-ugm-menyoroti-dampak-algoritma-terhadap-mitra-pengemudi-ojol.

Authors

Karel Martinus Siahaya
karelmartinuss@gmail.com (Primary Contact)

Article Details